Photographic flash synchronization equipment



Sept. 7, 1943. o. STEINER 2,329,011

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PHOTOGRAPHIC FLASH SYNCHRONIZATION EQUIPMENT Filed July 19, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 y e 9 I J INVENTOR.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC FLASH SYNCHRONIZATION EQUIPMENT Filed July 19, 1940 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. 050a?" jawwr fig ATTORNEYS.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC FLASH SYNGHRONIZATION EQUIPMENT Filed July 19, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 -31" 9. 24.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC FLASH SYNCHRONIZATION EQUIPMENT Filed July 19, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 V s WIND L W a mw @mwr VIIII [IQ aw;

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Sept. 7 1943- O. STEINER 2,329,011

PHOTOGRAPHIC FLASH SYNCHRONIZATION EQUIPMENT Filed July 19, 1940 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 llllll'llllllllll llfi V/AIIIIIIIIIIEZ' INVEyTOR. flscavr 566m? ZZJQ /QTJM Anya-74 k6 ATTORNEYAZ Patented Sept. 7, 1943 UNITED STATES PHOTOGRAPH? FLASH SYNCHRONIZATION EQUIPMENT Oscar Steiner, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to The Folmer Graflex Corporation, Rochester, N. Y., a corportion of Delaware Application July 19, 1940, Serial No. 346,395

12 Claims.

This invention relates to photographic flash synchronization equipment.

In order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood, I have disclosed a single embodiment, with several indicated uses thereof, in the accompanying drawings, where- Fig. 1 is a front plan view of a camera having attached thereto a synchronizing equipment in accordance with my invention, the battery case being attached to the left hand side of the camera box and the magnetic tripper to the lens board of tilt camera;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary detail in elevation of Fig. 1, showing the connecting clevis between the shutter operating lever and the magnetic-tripper connecting-arm;

Fig. 3 is a detail in side elevation of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a detail of the battery case extending member employed when three cells are used in the battery case;

Fig. 5 is a side view of the camera and equipment showing the battery case on the camera box and themagnetic tripper on the lens board, the camera being open and a bulb in place ready for operation;

Fig. 6 is a rear view in elevation showing the position of the battery case with respect to the camera and the electrical connecting cable in place for focal plane synchronization;

Fig. 7 is a. front view in elevation of the battery case removed from the camera, showing the position of the reflector support bracket, the reflector being removed and the batteries being shown in dotted lines;

Fig. 8 is a side view in elevation, showing the battery case, the operating switch, and the spring socket for holding the photo-flash lamp;

Fig. 9 is a top plan view of Fig. 8, showing the position of the reflector bracket, with the flash- 4 bulb clamps broken away;

Fig. 10 is a top plan view, partially in section, of Fig. 8, showing the structure of the photofiash lamp socket;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged vertical section through 45 the photo-flash lamp socket, showing the structure of the two clamping members;

Fig. 12 is a detail in perspective, showing the battery case clamping means;

Fig. 13 is a detail in perspective showing the synchronizer battery case mounting bracket;

Fig. 14 is a detail in perspective of the lower part of the battery case, when two cells are used;

Fig. 15 is a top plan view of the lower half of the battery case removed from the upper half, the clamping means being in section;

Fig. 16 is a vertical section through Fig. 8, showing the structure of the contacting members, together with the auxiliary lamp and its optical system;

Fig. 17 is a transverse section through Fig. 16 on the line 11-41 thereof;

Fig, 18 is a vertical section through Fig. 17 on the line |8-l8 thereof;

5 Fig. 19 is a vertical section through Fig. 17 on theline 18-49 thereof, showing the contacting means of the auxiliary lamp;

Fig. 20 is a vertical section through Fig. 1'? on the line 2020 thereof showing the retaining 1 springs for the reflector bracket;

Fig. 21 is a vertical cross section through the magnetic tripper which is in non-operative position, the coil not having been energized;

Fig. 22 is a view similar to Fig. 21, the coil 15 having been energized and the armature having moved downward, carrying with it the shutter operating connecting link;

Fig. 23 is an enlarged, perspective detail of the base of the magnetic tripper;

20 Fig. 24 is a diagram of the wiring as required for remote control; and

Fig. 25 is a circuit diagram of the synchronizer equipment, showing the connection for the operation of the front shutter.

25 I am aware that there have been numerous tievices produced for the purpose of synchronizing the flashing of a photo-flash lamp with the opening of a photographic shutter, but so far as I am aware they have all been very limited in their scope of operation, have been hard to adjust types of camera shutters, both the front or between-the-lens type and the focal-plane shutter type, and such equipment of my invention readily lends itself to precision manufacturing. The parts of the equipment as constructed in accordance with my invention are of great strength and they coordinate eiiectively in their several adjustments, whatever he the type of camera upon which they are used.

Among the numerous novel features of my invention, I may enumerate the following as of particular importance; a battery case readily mounted on or applied to a camera casing in a manner permitting ready adjustment, the battery case being readily adaptable to use either two or three cells of flash-light batteries, said battery case having a lamp readily useable as a voltage indicator to ascertain the condition of the bat teries at any time, the battery case having means for clamping the same to the camera in an ad Justable manner and having means for connecting the battery and lamp circuit to a focal-plane shutter with means for preventing inadvertent flashing oi. the flash lamp when so connected; means for mounting the reflector on the battery case so that it may be readily adjusted or detached;

a lens system built into the battery case and so positioned as to serve for aligning the reflector with the object to be photographed, this being particularly important with photo-flash lamps using reflectors that project a narrow beam of light; means providing for remote control of the flash synchronizer, such means preventing inadvertent flashing of the flash-lamp when the remote control is in use; means for rapidly ejecting a used photo-flash lamp immediately after having been flashed and still so hot it cannot readily be handled; and a magnetic tripping device allowing the maximum adjustment of time delay between the time of flashing the lamp and the operation of the shutter, means being provided for quickly disconnecting the magnetic tripper from the shutter operating or release lever when other than instantaneous exposures are to be made.

The foregoing and other features of my invention are fully set forth in the following description. Making reference first to Figs. 1 to 3 and 5, the casing of the camera is indicated generally at 26. While the invention may be applied to any desired type of camera, I have chosen to illustrate the same as applied to the well known Graphic type of camera. The synchronizing equipment of my invention can, however, be applied to any type of camera having the usual hetween-the-lens shutter or the usual focal plane shutter or having both such shutters.

The camera is preferably provided with a detachable lens board 2| carrying a between-thelens shutter 22 having a lens 23. Attached to the camera casing is a battery-case bracket 24, shown detached in Fig. 13, and the ends whereof are attached to the camera casing by screw 24a, 24a, the shape of the said bracket 24 as herein shown being such that it extends sufliciently about the range finder 25 usually provided on such type of camera. A bracket of difierent construction may, of course, be used when the camera does not carry a range finder.

The battery case is indicated generally at 26 and is made up of two parts clamped or otherwise removably secured together and supported by a clamp member or ring 21, which is itself secured to the battery bracket 24 by a clamping lever 28. This portion of the structure will be more fully described at a subsequent point.

The battery case 26 is so constructed as to carry a flash lamp or bulb 29. A reflector 30 is also provided for the purpose of concentrating the light of the said flash bulb upon the object to be photographed.

I have indicated generally in Figs. 1 and 5 and in detail in Figs. 21 and 22 a magnetic tripper at 3i, and constituting the preferred embodiment of electromagnetic operator. This is preferably attached to the lens board 2| by means of two or more screws i36a, one screw only being shown. The said magnetic tripper 3| is electrically connected to the battery case 26 by means of a cable 32 and a plug 33 shown in Fig. 1. An operating or release lever 34, which may be of usual construction and which is provided upon the shutter 22, is operated by a shaft or rod 35 provided with a connecting bar 36 for engaging a clevis 31 attached to the shutter operating or release lever 34 by means of a pin 38. The structure of the magnetic tripper will be described in detail at a subsequent point.

Returning to the structure of the battery case 26, shown in Figs. 1, 4, 7, 8 and 12 to 15 particuiarly, the case itself is made up of two preferably cylindrical sections 40, 4i, the section if) being the upper and the section 4i being the lower one. For ordinary use, I have provided two dry cells of some well known type of manufac ture. At times, however, it is desirable to pro vide three such cells. and in order to do this I have provided an. additional lower battery-case member or section 42, shown detached in Fig. 4, and which is of suflicient length to accommodate such additional battery cell. I may use toether either the upper section 40 and the short lower detachable section 4|, in which case there are only two dry cells, or I may use the upper section 40 and the longer lower section 42, in place of the shorter lower section 4!, and in such case there is thus provided means for supporting three dry cells.

The camera having the synchronizer equipment attached thereto has, as shown in side elevation in Fig. 5, the reflector 30 supported by a reflector bracket 43 attached to the upper battery-case section 40, which serves to support said reflector in such position that it can be readily adjusted along (that is, lengthwise of) the said bracket 43. The reflector 30 is provided with a clamping bracket 44 and a clamp screw 45, When the latter is loosened the reflector 30 can be adjusted up and down along the bracket 43, and thus can be set in proper position with respect to the flash lamp 29 which is held to the battery case 26 by means of a clamping socket having operating arms 46, 46 and jaws 41., 41, fully disclosed at a subsequent point in the specification. An operating button 48 is provided for completing the circuit through the flash-lamp 29 and the magnetic tripper 3i when the front or between-the-lens shutter is provided. When, however, the synchronizer equipment is to be used in cooperation with the rear or focal-plane shutter, which use is shown in Fig. 6, I provide in conjunction therewith a structure which may be such as is disclosed in my Patent No. 2,188,065, dated January 23, 1940, and which therefore need not be more fully described here.

In such use of my present invention, there is provided said operating button 48, indicated also in Figs. 5 and 16, which is carried by a flat spring member or arm 49 hinged to a bracket 50 attached to the upper battery-case section 40 by means of rivets 5|, 5|, the parts being so con 1 structed that the spring member or arm 49 can be turned downward so that the connecting plug 52 (Fig. 6) can engage the contacts 53, 54, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 6, Said connecting plug 52 is provided with a cable 55 having a second connecting plug 56 engaging a socket 51 of the focalpiane shutter, itself provided with contact members 56, 59, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 6, and which may be of a character disclosed in said Patent No. 2,188,065.

The battery case 26 (but with the reflector removed) is shown in Fig. '7, which indicates how the reflector bracket 43 is attached to the battery case. The said bracket 43 is provided with two legs 60, 6| extending through holes in the battery-case insulating block 62 as shown in Fig. 20. The said bracket 43 is provided with a hooked formation or member 63 which engages a hole 64 in the upper battery-case section 40. In the said insulating block 52 there are provided grooves for receiving small coiled springs 65, 65 engaging spring blocks 66, 66 for the purpose'oi causing upward pressure upon the said legs 60, 6|. This structure is shown also in Fig. 7, and is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 8. In order to remove the bracket 43, it is merely necessary to apply downward pressure on the bracket 43 which will compress the springs 65, 65 sufliciently to allow the hook-like part or member 63 to be disengaged from the hole 64, thus releasing the reflector bracket 43.

As indicated in Fig. '7, the connecting plug 33 has been removed from a socket 61 in the battery case, thereby exposing contact members 88 and 69. A second socket "I is provided on the left hand side of the said battery case as the same is viewed in Fig. 7. Within said socket are contact members "ii and i2. In Fig, '7, the batteries l9, T4 are indicated in dotted lines. They have positive contact members 13a, 14a respectively, and the lower battery-case section 4| is provided with a spring '15 for maintaining a contact to or with the negative side of the battery cell, said spring also serving to apply upward pressure on the battery cells I3, 14, causing contact to take place between the positive connection [311 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 7) and the positive contact member 16 (shown in Fig. 16).

.An auxiliary lamp'control button is indicated at 11 in Fig. 8, it desirably having an escutcheon plate 18. The said button provides for the com trol of the electric circuit extending to the auxiliary lamp or bulb 39, the function of the said lamp, the details thereof and its control bein subsequently described.

As indicated in Figs. 9 and 10, there is provided a central lamp contact at 19, the structure.

thereof being fully shown in Figs. 16 and 18. The said contact 19 has the additional important function 01? serving to eject the lamp bulb 29 from the clamping jaws 41, 41 through the action of the socket jaw fingers 46, 46. This action will be described at a subsequent point. However, the lamp bulb combined holding-and-used bulb ejecting means herein disclosed is not claimed in this application either per se or in combination with any other features, but such means is claimed in my co-pendlng divisional application Ser. No. 493,098, filed July 1, 1943 its mcstclearly shown in Figs, 8, ill and 16,-

wherein the socket jaw finger-s are shown in lengthwise section, there is provided a hinge pin and a clamp spring; 8| and tow ears 82, 83 which bent outwardly from the upper part of the attery-case section 49, forming a support for the socket jaw arms or clamp members 49, 46, which have bent-in members 84, 84 and said hinge pin indicated at 85 passes through a hole provided in said members 82, 83, 84, 84, thus providing a hinge for the said socket clamp members 46, 46. A suitable spacing sleeve 88 is provided for supporting the clamp spring 9|. The clamping members 41, 41 are provided with indentations 81, 81 to en gage the threaded portion 88 of the lamp base, as best shown in Fig. 11.

It has been stated that the battery case 26 is made up of the upper battery case section 40 and a lower section 4i or 42, depending upon whether two or three dry cells are to be used. Both the upper battery-case section 49 and the lower section 4i are provided as shown in Fig. 14, and as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 7, with vertical or lengthwise slots 89, 89 and horizontal or transverse slots 90, 99. Each slot 99 is so shaped as to provide a projection 9| extending partly across the same. The battery-case clamp member or ring 21 is provided, as shown in Fig. 12, with hookengaging formations 92, 92 to engage said slots 99, 99. When the upper battery-case section 40 is engaged by the clamp member or ring 21 by the guiding hook formations 92 in the vertical slots 89, 89 of the upper battery-case section 48 and lower section 4| (or 42) the hook formations 92 are caused to engage the slots 90. This is effected by holding the upper battery-case section 49 in one hand and turning the lower battery-case sectlon 4| (or 42) with the other hand in a clockwise direction, pressure being at the same time applied with such hand in an upward direction on the lower battery-case section 4| (or 42) and with the hand that holds the battery-case section an applying downward pressure thereon. This permits the hook formations 92 to pass the respective projections 9| and engage the slots 98. The battery-case sections 40 and 4| (or 42) tend to spread under the influence of the coil spring 15 that (as shown) presses against the bottom of the batterycase section 4| and against battery 13, battery 14, contact 14a, contact "and positive contact strip '19. This pressure will prevent the hook formations 92 from being disengaged from the slots 98 through any action of the projecting lugs 9| of Figs. 4 and 14.

It will be noted that the said slots are somewhat longer than the width of the hook formations 92. This provides for a lateral (that is, circumferential) adjustment of the upper batterycase section 49 with respect to the clamping member or ring 2'! for the purpose of aligning the reflector 39 so as propertly to direct the light upon the object being photographed. The said clamping member or ring 21 is provided with channel formations 93, 93 for engaging the battery-case supporting bracket 24, as shown in Fig. 13. The said bracket 24 is, as there shown, provided with notches 94, 94 at the junction of the horizontal arm 95 and the vertical member 96 of said bracket. This construction permits the channel formations 93 to engage the vertically positioned member 98 in such a. manner that it can be moved along the vertical member 99 and clamped in any desired position thereon.

The clamping member or ring 2! is provided wilth clamping blocks 98, 98, most clearly shown in Figs. 12 and 15. The right hand clamping block 98, viewing Fig. 15, is provided with a nut 99 engaged by the threaded end of clamping rod I89, provided with a square end ||l| having a hinge pin 12 passing through such square end and the clamping lever 28. The latter is provided with a cam shaped formation )3 riding on a plate 14 when the clamping lever 28 is in the position shown in Fig- 12. This causes pressure to be applied to the clamping blocks 98, 98 and to the channel formations 93, 93, thus permitting clamping member or ring 21 to be clamped to the vertical member 98 of the bracket 24, best shown in Fig. 13. Any degree of clamping action can be secured by adjusting the threaded end of the clamping rod I89 in the nut 99 of the right hand clamping block 98 shown in Fig. 15. When the clamping lever 28 is in the position shown in Fig. 12, the upper battery-case section 40 and the lower section 4| will also be clamped in rigid position.

When the clamping lever 29 is released, the entire battery case 28 can be moved vertically on the said upright member 98 of the bracket 24, and said entire battery case 26 can also be adjusted in a horizontal direction or circumferentially, so as properly to align the reflector 39 and the flashlamp 29 so as to project the light from the flash lamp onto the object to be photographed.

The internal construction of the upper part of the upper battery-case section 40 is clearly shown in. the cross sectional views Figs. 16 to 20. Therein is shown a molded insulating cylindrical member 62 of suitable material fitted into the batterycase section 40 and held in place by a screw I05. Such molded block 62 carries a contact I9 previously preliminarily referred to and which is fitted into a cylindrical sleeve I09 having a cuppedin end provided with a hole for the necessary lengthwise movement of said contact member I9, the lower end of which is outwardly flanged as shown in Fig. 16. Said molded member 82 has a small central projecting cylindrical formation over which is fitted a spring I01 that causes said contact member 19 to be pushed upward so as to engage with the contact I08 of the flash lamp 29. The co-acting end flanges on the sleeve I08 and the contact 19 prevent the spring I01 from pushing said contact member 19 beyond a certain limit. Said spring I! is of sufilcient strength to eject the flash-lamp 29 from the socket jaws 41, 41, when they are released by the application of pressure on the socket jaw arms or clamp member 46, 46, best shown in Figs. 5, 8, l0 and 16.

The connector 53 is threaded into the molded block 82 against the pressure of a spring which makes contact with sleeve I05. The contact member 54 is also threaded into the block 62 and through a hole (not shown) provided in the positive contact strip I8, as shown in Fig. 16, the lower end of which strip has a turned-over end IIO anchored into contact block 82. The contact member II is, as shown in Fig. 18, threaded into the molded block 82 and through a hole in a contact strip II I, thus connecting the said contact member II with the upper battery-case section 40. The contact member I2 is threaded into the said block 82 and causes a spring II2 seated in the socket at the inner end thereof to ensure contact between the contact member 12 and the sleeve I08. As shown in Fig. 18, the contact member 58 is threaded into the said block 62 and through the connector strip I I3, which also makes contact with the upper battery-case section 40, thus completing a circuit between such section 40 and the connector member 68. The contact member 89 is threaded into the said block 82 against the pressure of a coiled spring II4 similar to the spring II2, so that contact is made with the sleeve I 05, thus completing the circuit between said sleeve I 06 and the contact member 69.

An auxiliary lamp is indicated generally at 39 in Figs. 1, 5, etc. It is shown in detail in Fi 16 as including a short sleeve or cylindrical member II fitted into an opening in the upper batterycase section40, being held in such position by projecting lugs H6, H6. Said upper section 40 has a cylindrical hole with key-way openings permitting the passage of lugs H8, H6, whereupon said sleeve I I5 is given a slight turn so that said lugs engage the wall of the said upper section 40, thus holding the sleeve H5 in place. Fitted into said sleeve is a lens III held in place by means of a spring III pressing against the bulb I I9 of the auxiliary lamp 39 that is provided with the usual base I20. The said lens In, spring II8, bulb H9 and base I20 ar received in a cavity molded into the insulating block 82, so as properly to fit therein and be held in proper alignment. The bulb I I9 is provded with a base contact I2I making contact with the positive connecting strip I8, shown also in Fig. 18, in the lamp clearance hole 122.

The bulb II9 (auxiliary lamp 39) has a further important function in that it serves as means of checking the condition of the batteries I3 and I4. This is done by merely operating the switch button 11 and noting the color of the light filament. If the color is close to white, the batteries are satisfactory, but as the filament approaches a yellow color, the batteries are weak and should not be used.

The auxiliary lamp 39 not only is used in locating the object to be photographed, but it is used for adjusting the position or angle of the refiector 30, so that the reflector will throw the light in the proper direction for making the desired photograph.

As shown in Figs. 5, 8 and 19, the auxiliary lamp button 11 has attached thereto a spring contact member I23 by means of a shoulder rivet I24 which slides in a slot I25 in the upper battery-case section 40.

As shown in Fig. 19, the contact finger I23 is electrically connected to the upper battery-case section 40 by means of a friction washer I28, and to prevent the short-circuiting of the contact finger I23 and the positive connector strip I6, there is provided an insulating sleeve I2I placed about said strip. In order to light the auxiliary lamp bulb I I9, the button 11 is pushed upwardly, carrying with it the contact spring I23 which will be caused to contact with the lamp base I20, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 16. This action is indicated in Fig. 19. Since the lamp contact I2I is in contact with the positive battery terminal 13a, shown in Figs. 16 and 17, current will fiow through the auxiliary lamp bulb I I9 back to the lamp base I20 through the contact finger I23, then to the upper battery-case section 40, and finally through the battery spring 15 contacting with the negative side of the battery I4, thus completing the electric circuit to the said auxiliary lamp bulb II9. This lamp circuit constitutes auxiliary circuiting means that is independent from the photo-flash lamp circuit and can be used at any time.

In order to complete the circuit through the photo-flash lamp 29 and the batteries to the operating button 48, shown in Fig. 16, etc., which is insulated from the arm 49, there is attached a contact disk I28 by means of a rivet I29. As therein indicated and also as indicated in the circuit diagram Fig. 25, when button 48 is pressed, contact is made between contact member 58, disk I28 and connecting member 54, thus completing a circuit through the lamp contact 19, contact sleeve I08, spring I09, connector member 58, contact disk I28, connector member 54, and positive contact strip 15 to the battery contact of the battery I3, and then through said battery to the contact 14a of battery 14, then through said battery to spring I5, to battery-case sections 4I and 40, through battery socket members 4?, flashlamp base 88 and lamp contact I08, thus completing a circuit through the photo-flash lamp 29 and the batteries.

The employment of a separate or independent circuit control for the auxiliary lamp is of great importance, said lamp being used for several different purposes, namely, (1) for locating and illuminating the object to be photographed, (2) for the proper positioning of the reflector which includes positioning the entire battery case so that the illumination will fall on the object being photographed. This is very important now that small bulbs are being used and, more efliciently to use them, reflectors having a rather narrow angle of projection must be used. Heretoi'ore reflectors were used that did little more than to project the light forward and sideways with no thought being given to narrowing down the beam, thus to obtain more light upon the object being photographed. In such previous uses the reflector could be considerably out of adjustment and still have fairly satisfactory illumination, but with the new reflectors the beam from the flash lamp is confined to an area just slightly greater than the area taken in by the photographic lens, and it becomes necessary accurately to position this beam of light. (3) The use of the auxiliary lamp for checking battery condition is very important because it is necessary for the photographer to know that he has batteries that are in a satisfactory working condition when he starts out to make photographs. This is more important when using trippers of less efliciency than my tripper. However, it is still important when a tripper of as high efficiency as my tripper isused.

As shown best in Figs. 6, 8 and 16, the switch arm 49 and switch base 58, previously described as attached to the battery-case section 48, are respectively provided with two upturned ears I38 extending from the base 58 and having holes I8I, I3I, and members I32, I32 on the switch arm 49, thereby providing a pivot for said switch arm. Also formed integral with the base plate 58 is a spring member I33 bearing against a fiat portion or the switch arm 48 and tending to cause said switch arm to rock on the pivot formed by the members I32, I32 until contact with a stud I34 stops i'urther movement oi. said switch arm 49. The construction and operation are such that the contact disk I28 does not normally touch connector members 53 and 54, but a slight pressure on the contact button 48 causes the switch arm 49 to spring sufiiciently to cause the said disk I28 to contact with the said connector members 53 and 54.

The said switch arm 49 is so constructed that it can be swung downward away from the connector members 53 and 54, so that the focal-plane shutter connector 52 can be attached to the said connectors 53 and 54, thus putting the focalplane shutter contacts 58, 58 in series with the photo-flash lamp 29, and if contact is made between said contacts 58, 59 a circuit will be completed through contact plug 59, wire 55, connector 52 and contacts 58, 54, thus causing the flash lamp 29 to be ignited. When the magnetic tripper 3| is in use, the switch arm 49 overlies the contacts 53 and 54, thus preventing those contacts, which, ii done, would cause the flash-lamp 29 to be flashed inadvertently. To permit the use of additional flash-lamps remote from the battery case, there are provided the two additional sets of connectors 88, 89, H, 12, which are in parallel with the photo-flash lamp base by means previously described.

As shown in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, the connector members 53, 54, -68, 89, II and 12 are accessible through holes I35 in the upper battery-case section 49. A lamp can be placed in the lamp socket jaws 41, 41, and additional lamp sockets can be connected to the contacts 88, 59, 1 I, 12, and upon the completion of a circuit through the connectors53, 54, all three lamps will be caused to be ignited simultaneously.

If, however, a magnetic tripper is connected to either set of connectors 88, 89 or 1|, 1!, the magnetic tripper will also be in parallel with the photo-flash lamp 29. I hav provided a magnetic tripper to be used with the equipment,

thereby making it possible to make photo-flash exposures by any one 01' the three well-known methods, the first of which is the so-called open and shut method, wherein the camera shutter is set at "bulb exposure, and the shutter is caused to be opened at the same time that contact button 48 is pressed, whereupon the shutter is immediately allowed to close. In this method, however, the exposure time is limited by the duration of the photo-flash lamp. The second method of photo-flash synchronization is carried out by the use of the focal-plane shutter, as disclosed in my Patent 2, 88,065 above referred to, and in such use the button 48 and switch arm 49 are swung downward out of the way, the focalplane shutter being connected through connectors 58 and 54. The third method-of photoiiash synchronization is carried out through the use of an electro-magnetic tripper for operating the front shutter. My improved means for operating the front or between-the-lens shutter will now be described, and in doing so reference will be made particularly to Figs. 21, 22, 23, and briefly to Fig. l. The eiectro-magnetic tripper is shown in vertical cross section in Figs. 21 and 22. This structure has been developed through a long period of experimentation and research and it operates more efl'ectively than any magnetic tripper with which I am familiar.

As shown in Fig. l, the said tripper is mounted on the lens board 2I, being carried by a bracket I38 secured to said lens board by screws l38a.

While this is its referable location, I am not limited thereto. A portion of the said bracket I is shown also in Fig. 21. Upon such bracket is mounted a cylindrical casing I81 having a threaded neck I38 passing through a hole in said bracket and held thereto by a cylindrical cap I39. To the lower end of said cylinder is attached a metal base I48 having an upwardly extending cylindrical member I constituting a stationary armature, and a stop or projection I42 so as properly to position the base in said cylinder I31. Said base I48 is held in'the cylinder I 31 by means of a locking screw (not shown) engaging a threaded hole, Over the cylindrical member or armature I is fitted a non-magnetic tube I44 preferably of brass and around said tube is wound a coil I45 of insulated magnetic wire. On the upper end of the coil I45 is placed an insulating washer I48, and on the lower end an insulating washer I41. The said base I48 is provided with two holes I4Ila, I48ashown in Fig. 23, through which pass two insulating bushings I48, I48. On the lower side of the base I48 is another insulating washer I48 and on the top face of said base are placed two small insulating washers, and passing therethrough and through the tube I48, washer I49, and wire lug III, is a metal eyelet I52 spun over on each end, thus holding the assembly to the base I48. Passing through a hole in the insulating bushing I41 in the metal eyelet I52 are two leads I53, I54 of the coil I45. The lead I53 is attached to lug I5I and the lead I54 is attached to lug "In. The connecting cable 82 is made up of wires I55, I55. This constitutes the preferred means for connecting the coil I45 with the cable 82. The base I48 has a downwardly extending member I51 threaded on the lower end, and fitted over the said member I51 is a wire shield or guard I58 held in place by a nut I58. A hole I60 is provided in the shield I58 for the passage or the cable 32. Fitted into the upper Portion of the tube I44 is a movable magnetic armature or solenoid plunger I6I having attached thereto a sleeve I62 by means of a rlvet I63. About said sleeve I62 is a coiled spring I64 tending to thrust the said sleeve and the armature or solenoid plunger I6I upward until the limit of motion is reached at the cylindrical cap I39. Riding in a space I65 of the sleeve I62 is a disk I61 attached to the shutter tripping shaft or rod 35 in any well known manner, said shaft or rod 35 and the disk I61 being entirely free to move within the space I65 provided in the sleeve I62.

When an electrical circuit is completed through the coil I45, the movable armature or solenoid plunger I6I will be drawn downward toward the stationary armature I4I until it contacts with a non-magnetic plate I66 placed on the stationary armature I4I to prevent sticking of the movable armature or solenoid plunger I6I to the said stationary armature. The shaft or rod 35 will not commence to move immediately, nor until the partially closed end of the sleeve I62 contacts with the disk I61, at which time the shaft or rod 35 will travel with the armature or solenoid plunger I6I until it reaches its limit of action.

In order to adjust the length of space between the disk I61 and the partly closed end of the sleeve I62, so that the initial stroke of the movable armature or solenoid plunger I6I can be varied, there is provided an adjusting sleeve I68 having a circular hole I69 for the passage of said shaft or rod 35. In a groove in said shaft or rod 35 is placed a cylindrical ring I10 engaged by the top wall of the adjusting sleeve I68, when the said shaft or rod 35 is moved in an upward direction under the influence of the shutter actuating arm 34, shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It will be apparent that, because of the presence of the ring I10, by turning the adjusting sleeve I68 in a clockwise direction, said shaft or red 35 will be moved downward and the length of the space I65 between the closed end of sleeve I62 and the disk I61 will become greater, because the threads provided on the sleeves I39 and I68 are cut In a right hand direction, thus allowing the armature or solenoid plunger I6I to travel a greater distance before the rod or shaft 35 begins to move downward. If, however, the adjusting sleeve I68 is turned in a contraclockwise direction, the length of the space between the partially closed end of the sleeve I62 and the disk I61 will become less, thus allowing the armature or solenoid plunger I 6I to travel a shorter distance before the shaft or rod 35 commences to move. In order to hold the adjusting sleeve I68 in any predetermined position, there is provided a series of serrations or notches III on the outer wall 01' the adjusting sleeve I68, which are engaged by a spring I12 held to the magnetic tripper assembly by the cylindrical nut I39.

In Fig. 24 is shown a circuit diagram for use in remote control, by which I mean the operation of the flash synchronizer from a distance. This is done by connecting suitable plugs I 13, I14, shown in Fig. 24, to connectors 53, 54, shown in Figs. 8 and 16 and by attaching a wire I16 to the connector plug I 13 and attaching a wire I 11 to the connector plug I14, said wires I16, I11 being connected to a suitable switch I18. When the switch I18 is operated, a circuit is completed through the connectors 53, 54 in precisely the same manner as if the button 48 had been pressed.

The circuit diagram of th flash synchronizer equipment when the magnetic tripper is used on a front or between-the-lens shutter is shown in Fig. 25. from which it appears that the batteries 13 and 14 are connected in series and then to ground, the ground in this instance being the battery case 26 made up, as stated, of the upper section 40 and lower section 4| or 42. To the positive terminal 13a of the battery 13 is connected the strip 16 which is connected to the contact or connector 54. The auxiliary lamp bulb .I I9 has contact with one side of the positive connector 16, and the base I20 of said lamp bulb II9 has contact with the contact strip I23, as

shown in dotted lines in Fig. 25. Conne' d to the plug 53 is the center contact 19 which akes contact with the lower lamp contact I86. The

current then passes through the filament of the flash lamp 29, through the base 81 to the ground (namely, the battery case 26). The connectors 68 and H are also connected to ground and the connector plug 69 is connected to plug 53, connector plug 12 being connected to the plugs 69 and 53. When the magnetic tripper is used, the plug 68 is connected to wir I55 and the current passes through coil I45 to wire I56 and then to connector plug 69. The coil I45, flash lamp 28, and plugs H, 12 are in parallel, and the plugs 53, 54 are in series with flash lamp 29 and the battery, made up of the cells 13 and 14 in the present instance.

I will now trace through the various combinations of circuits in the operation of the photoflash equipment herein set forth, according to each of the several uses of such synchronizer equipment.

It will first be assumed that it is desired to make a so-called open and shut photo-flash, meaning, as already stated, that the camera shutter is set on the bulb" position and is in that position when the operating or shutter release lever 34 is pressed, the shutter being open and remaining open until the said lever 34 is pressed.

In making this type of exposure the battery case is placed on the camera as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. The plug 33 and the cable 32 are not in place, and there is no magnetic tripper attached to the shutter, it having been removed from the lens board, it being removably mounted therein by means of the bracket I36. A flash lamp 29 is placed in th socket jaws 41, 41 and the auxiliary lamp contact 11 is pushed upwardly, thereby causing a beam of light to be projected in the direction of the object to be photographed. The clamp 28 is thrown downward and the battery case 26 is turned sufficiently in the member or ring 21 until the light from the auxiliary lamp 39 falls upon the object it is desired to photograph. The clamping lever 28 is then moved into the position shown in Fig. 1.

Assuming that the reflector 30 has been suitably adjusted in a vertical direction with respect to the flash lamp 29 so that the latter will center in the reflector, the most economical use of the light from said flash lamp is made in taking the photograph. After the suitable adjustment has been made, the contact button 19 is moved downwardly, thus extinguishing the auxiliary lamp-bulb I I9, and the operator then aligns his camera in any well known'manner such as through the optical view finder. The

shutter release or operating lever 34 is then depressed and at the same time the contact button 48 is pressed inwardly and then immediately both buttons are released, The pressure on the shutter release or operating lever 34 will have opened the shutter, and the pressure on the contact knob 48 will have caused the flash lamp 29 to become illuminated and the release. of pressure on said release or operating lever 34 will have allowed the shutter to close. No further pressure will be required on the contact knob 43 since when the flash lamp 29 is ignited its circult is opened.

When making a flash exposure with the use of the focal-plane shutter, the contact lever 49 is folded downwardly as indicated in Fig. 6, and the connector plug 52 is connected to contacts 53 and 54.v The said plug 52 is attached to a cable 55 having on its opposite end a plug 56 engaged with the focal plane synchronizing socket 51 connected with the contacts 58 and 59 of the camera back. The flash lamp 29 is inserted in the socket members or jaws 41, 41 and the bulb N9 of the auxiliary lamp 39 is illuminated by manipulation of the switch 11 and the reflector 30 is properly aligned from the object to be photographed. The front shutter is set on time in the open condition and the back shutter is ready to make an exposure upon releasing the focal-plane-shutter release lever (not here shown) The structure of such focal-plane shutter and the synchronizing mechanism therefore are fully disclosed in my said Patent 2,188,065. When the shutter is released, the curtain travels downwardly and at a predetermined point, the contacts 58 and 59 are bridged or connected together by a metallic tab or element on the shutter curtain.

Referring to Fig. 25, inasmuch as the connector 53 is connected with the contact 58, and the connector 54 is connected with the contact finger 59, a circuit will have been closed between them, thus allowing current to flow from the batteries 13, 14, through the positive contact strip 16, connector 54, cable 55, contacts 58 and 59, connector 53, to the lamp contact button 19, lamp contact I08, through the filament of the flash lamp 29, to the base of the auxiliary lamp 39, to the socket members 41, to ground, and from ground to the opposite side of the battery, thus completing the circuit through the photo-flash lamp 29 and causing it to become ignited.

When it is desired to make a photo-flash exposure using the front or between-the lens shutter, a flash-lamp 29 is inserted in the socket jaws 41, 41, and the connector plug 33 is connected to socket 61, thus connecting the magnetic tripper 3| to the electrical circuit of battery case 26. The said battery case is positioned in the manner previously described, so as to ensure the most efficient use of the light from the flash-lamp 29. The focal-plane shutter is set in the open position. The betWeen-the-lens shutter is set for whatever speed it is desired to use. The shutter is then cooked by moving the lever I13 from the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 to the position shown in solid lines therein, the release or operating lever 34 having been previously connected to the magnetic tripper 3| by means of the clevis 31, bar 36 and shaft 35, as previously described.

The release or operating lever 34 will now be in the position shown in Fig. 2, depressed part way but not sufficiently far to trip the shutter.

The contact bar 49 and the button 48 will be in the position shown in Fig. 5, and pressure on the button 48 will close the contacts 53 and 54. Current will then flow from batteries 13, 14 through positive contact strip 16, connector 54, contact disk I28, connector 53, contact spring I09, connector button 19, contact I08 through the fllamerit of flash-lamp 29, to base 88 and socket jaws 41, 41 and thence to ground, completing the circuit through the flash lamp 29. The connector 68 is also connected to ground and connector 69 is connected to spring H4, which contacts with the sleeve I06 of the connector button 19. Inasmuch as the connector button 19 has its circuit as previously described, current will also flow through the magnetic tripper winding I45 and through cable 32, which is made up of wires I55, I56. The shaft or rod of magnetic tripper 3| will be caused to move downwardly in the manner previously described through its connection with the movable armature or solenoid plunger I6l. The release or operating lever 34 will then be moved downward as indicated by the dotted line position of the connecting bar 36 in Fig. 2, thus releasing the shutter, flashing the lamp 29 and causing an exposure to be made.

It will be understood from the foregoing description that I have provided a photo-flash synchronizing equipment having a great many advantages and improvements over existing synchronizer equipments known to me. Attention is particularly directed to the construction of the magnetic tripper 3| which is such that the movable armature or solenoid plunger |6| is in a free state atthe instant of making an exposure;

that is, the said armature or solenoid plunger has only to overcome the action of spring I64, which has just sufiicient strength to hold the said armature or solenoid plunger in the all-the way-up position. The said armature or solenoid plunger starts downward when a circuit is completed through the coil I45, and it gains considerable momentum before the shaft or rod 35 has started to move under the influence of disk I61, then the inertia of armature or solenoid plunger IBI is added to the magnetic pull, thus causing the shutter to be operated with a coil winding of relatively high resistance. Since the photo-flash lamp 29 and the magnetic tripper 3| are in parallel at the instant of exposure and since the voltage of flashlight batteries used in synchronizer equipments drops very rapidly as a load of low resistance is connected across them, it is highly important to have a magnetic tripper that will work with very low drain on the battery, so that there will be very little voltage-drop across the filament of the flash-lamp.

It will be apparent that the lower the voltage drop at the instant of making an exposure, the more accurate will be the timing of both the magnetic tripper and the flashing of the filament of the flash-lamp. A magnetic tripper as herein disclosed eiiects exceedingly economical use of the battery current. This has been proven through long testing of the herein disclosed equipment, by a number of operators.

In a test of this equipment a hundred photofiash pictures were made, the same batteries being used throughout the entire test, and the timing of the flash and the magnetic tripper operating the shutter was still as accurate at the end of such test as at the commencement thereof. Inasmuch as these pictures were all made in rapid sequence, this was a much moresevere test than would ordinarily take place, since usually pictures are taken with longer intervals between consecutive pictures, thus allowing the batteries to recuperate.

Having thus described one embodiment, with several indicated uses, of the invention. it is to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.

I claim:

1, In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing, and having either or both a between-the-lens shutter and aiocahplane shutter, a battery case having battery means and having means to support a flash-lamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera casing; circuiting means operativeiy connecting the battery to the flashlalnp; said battery case having a part provided with a pair of contacts, and a movably mounted contact-making member adapted to be moved out of operating relation to said pair or contacts so as to permit the latter to be connected to another circuit closing means, said movable contact-making member cooperating with said pair of contacts to close the flash lamp circuit, and simultaneously close the circuit to the betweenthedons shutter operator, said movably mounted contact member being adapted to be moved out of the way so that circuit wires from a switch operated simultaneously with the focal plane shutter may be connected to said pair of contacts, whereby the flash lamp circuit is closed by such latter switch, said movably mounted contact-making member normally overlying said pair of contacts so as to be readily moved into engagement therewith.

2. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing, and having either or both a between-the-lens shutter and a iocal-p1ane shutter, a battery case having battery means and having means to support a flash-lamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera casing; circuiting means operetively connecting the battery to the flash-lamp; said battery case having a part III provided with an insulating block 82 having contacts 53, 54

ircuit through said contacts 53, El, said .i. arm 9 being pivotally mounted so that it sung away from the said contacts 53, 54 them to be connected to a focal-plane gmchroruzing structure, said switch arm cooperating with said pair of contacts 53, I54 to base flash lamp circuit and simultaneously circuit to the between-the-lens shutter said switch arm 48 being adapted to be is E3, 54, whereby when the flash lamp is closed by said latter switch, said switch it normally overlies said pair 01 contacts 53, fi l, so as to be readily moved into engagement therewith.

3. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera. having a casing, and having either or both a between-the-lens shutter a focal-plane shutter, a battery case havin battery means and having means to support a flash-damp means for attaching said battery case to the cameracasing; circuiting means operatively connecting the battery to the flash lamp; s battery case including a part ll having a block 62 provided with means to receive a photofiash=-lamp-bulb and having contacts 53, 54 adapted. to be placed in circuit with said photobulb, and a switch arm 4! having means for completing a circuit through the contacts 58, I4

mounted to be moved away from said contacts II, 54 to permit them to be connected to another circuit closing means, said switch arm 49 cooperating with said pair of. contacts 63, 54 to close the flash lamp circuit and simultaneously close the circuit to the between-the-lens shutter operator, said switch arm 48 being adapted to be moved out 01 the way, so that circuit wires from a switch operated simultaneously with the focal plane shutter may be connected to said pair of contacts 53, 54, whereby when the flash lamp circuit is closed by such latter switch, said switch arm 48 normally overlies said pair of contacts II, '54 so as to be readily moved into engagement therewith.

4. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing and having a shutter; a battery case having battery means and having a. clamping socket at its upper end to support a flash lamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera casing; circuiting means operatively connecting the battery to the flash lamp and having therein an electromagnetic operator through which said shutter may be operated; said battery case including an upper part 40 having an insulating block positioned therein at its upper and above the said battery, and an auxiliary lamp mounted directly in said insulating block below said clamping socket within the casing, and circuit means connecting said auxiliary lamp to the battery means independently of said flash lamp and shutter, and thereby permitting use of said auxiliary lamp through said battery means without thereby using the flash lamp or said shutter, the said battery case being so supported on the camera casing as to be itself circumferentially adjustable, and a reflector supported by said battery case, whereby said auxiliary lamp may be used for the proper positioning of the reflector and the battery case, so that the illumination will correctly fall on the object to be photographed.

5. In a photographic flash synchronlzer equipment for use with a camera having a casing and having a shutter; a. battery case having battery means and having a clamping socket at its upper end to support a flash lamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera casing; circuiting means operatively connecting the battery to the flash lamp and having therein an electromagnetic operator through which said shutter may be operated; said battery case including an upper part 40 having an insulating block positioned therein at its upper end above the said battery, and an auxiliary lamp mounted directly in said insulating block below said clamping socket within the casing, and circuit means connecting said auxiliary lamp to the battery means independently of said flash lamp and shutter, and thereby permitting use of said auxiliary lamp through said battery means without thereby using the flash lamp or said shutter, the said battery case being so supported on the camera casing as to be adjustable in a direction axially or the battery case and so as to be circumterentially adiustable, and a reflector supported by the battery case, whereby the said auxiliary lamp may be used for the proper positioning of the reflector and the battery case with the illumination correctly falling on the object to'be photographed.

6. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing and having a shutter; a battery case having battery means and having a clamping socket at its upper end to upport a flash lamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera, casing; circuiting means operatively connecting the battery to the flash lamp and having therein an electromagnetic operator through which said shutter may be operated; said battery case including an upper part 40 having an insulating block positioned therein at its upper end above the said battery, and an auxiliary lamp mounted directly in said insulating block below said clamping socket within the casing, and circuit means connecting said auxiliary lamp to the battery means independently of said flash lamp and shutter, and thereby permitting use of said auxiliary lamp through said battery means without thereby using the flash lamp or said shutter, the said battery case being so supported on the camera case as to be adjustable in an axial direction and also circumferentially, and a reflector supported by the battery case, whereby the auxiliary lamp may be used for the proper positioning of th reflector and the battery case.

7. A photographic flash synchronizer equipment according to claim 1, but in which the said battery case is also provided with pairs of contacts 68, 69 and H, 12 respectively for additional flash lamps remote from the battery case.

8. A photographic flash synchronizer equipment according to claim 1, but in which the battery case is provided with additinal pairs of contacts 68, 69, and ll, 12, and there is also provided a magnetic tripper for the between-the-lens shutter adapted to be connected either to the pair of contacts 68, 69 or 1 I, I2.

9. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing and having both a between-the-lens shutter and a focal plane shutter:a battery case having battery means and having means to support a flashlamp; means for attaching said battery case with said flashlamp to the camera casing; circuiting means oper'atively connecting the battery means to the flashlamp, and including a magnetic tripper detachably connected to said between-the-lens shutter and also including focal plane shutter synchronizing means; said battery case having an insulating block mounted thereing at the upper end thereof above said battery means, said insulating block being provided with at least two sockets each having a pair of contacts connected to the circuiting means, whereby a plug may be inserted in one of said sockets and be electrically connected up to the said focal-plane-shutter synchronizing means, and whereby another plug may be inserted in the second socket and be electrically connected up to the said magnetic tripper that is detachably connected to the between-the-lens shutter; said insulating block also having an auxiliary lamp mounted transversely of the block in a cavity therein so as to be directed in parallelism with the axis of the objective lens of the camera toward the object to be photographed; and auxiliary circuiting means connecting said auxiliary lamp to the said battery means independently of that part of the first-mentioned circuiting means that includes the flashlamp and the ma netic tripper and synchronizing means for said shutters respectively, so as thereby to permit the use by said auxiliary circuiting means of said auxiliary lamp through said battery means without thereby flashing the flashlamp when in its socket and without thereby using either of said shutters.

10. A photographic flash synchronizer equipment according to claim 9, but wherein adjaiii cent one of said sockets there is movably mounted a contact-making member adapted to be readily moved out of operating relation to the pair of contacts at said socket so as to permit the latter to be connected to one of the said plugs for closing the flashlamp circuit and synchronizing one of said shutters, said contactmaking member being adapted when in operating relation to be pressed to engage the pair of contacts at said socket, thereby to close the flashlamp circuit and to synchronize one of said shutters.

11. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing and having a shutter; a battery case having battery means and having a clamping socket at its upper end to support a flashlamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera casing, and including means permitting lengthwise and turning adjustment of said battery case with respect to said camera casing; circuiting means operatively connecting the battery to the flashlamp and having therein an electromagnetic operator through which said shutter may be operated; said battery case including an upper part 40 having an insulating block positioned therein at its upper end above the said battery, and an auxiliary lamp mounted directly in said insulating block below said clamping socket within the casing, and circuit means connecting said auxiliary lamp to the battery means independently of said flashlamp and shutter, and thereby permitting use of said auxiliary lamp through said battery means without thereby using the flashlamp or said shutter, thesaid battery case being so supported on the camera casing as to be itself circumferentially adjustable, and a reflector supported by said battery case. whereby the said auxiliary lamp may be used for the proper positioning of the reflector and the battery case, so that the illumination will correctly fall on the object to be photographed.

12. In a photographic flash synchronizer equipment for use with a camera having a casing and having a shutter; a battery case having battery means and having a clamping socket at its upper end to support a flashlamp; means for attaching said battery case to the camera casing, circuiting means operatively connecting the battery to the flashlamp and having therein an electromagnetic operator through which said shutter may be operated; said battery case including an upper part 40 having an insulating block positioned therein at its upper end above socket within the casing, and circuit means conmeeting said auxiliary lamp to the battery means independently of said flashlamp and shutter, and thereby permitting use of said auxiliary lamp through said battery means without thereby using the flashlamp or said shutter, the said battery case being so supported on the camera casing as to be itself circumferentially adjustable, and a reflector supported by the said battery case, whereby the said auxiliary lamp may be used for the proper positioning of the reflector and of the battery case, so that the illumination will correctly fall on the object to be photographed.

OSCAR STEINER. 

